Value for money (VFM) assessment framework for Public Private Partnership (PPP) approach / Kharizam Ismail

In a generic sense, when procuring Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects, value for money (VFM) assessment could be determined through a comparative analysis of contractors” proposals against VFM documentation. Principally, value for money is a broad term that captures both elements of financial and non-financial elements in the evaluation of VFM. Several diverse approaches to assess value for money (VFM) exist and are used in different countries. Value for money assessment methods have been criticised on numerous grounds with respects to: accuracy of risk transfer; discount rate methodology; limitation scope of non-financial and consideration of long term evaluation. Hence, the aim of this study is to develop a complete VFM assessment framework for PPP projects embracing financial and non-financial elements across project phases (i.e., strategy formulation; procurement; construction and operation phase) based on four (4) objectives: to identify the essential factors for PPP implementation; to determine the VFM drivers in PPP projects; to investigate the elements of Public Sector Comparator (PSC) as a VFM assessment framework; and finally to develop a VFM assessment framework for PPP projects. Two methods of empirical research using questionnaire survey and case studies (semi-structured interviews) were conducted with PPP stakeholders. In order to underpin the questionnaire survey, three case studies were conducted using structured interviews with government agencies; consultants and contractors. The VFM assessment framework was validated using semi structured interview approach. The results establish the significant financial and non- financial elements fundamentals in the development of PSC at each stage of PPP life cycle. The results identify five most important financial elements at all the phases of PPP approach. Twelve (12) non-financial elements have been identified for the strategy formulation phase; ten (10) at the procurement phase; eleven (11) for the construction phase and twelve (12) non-financial elements to be integrated in the operation phase. The research outputs seek to facilitate a comprehensive dimension of VFM assessment method for PPP projects in Malaysia and provide significant impacts to the government, consultants and contractors as PPP stakeholders

Criteria in Selecting Key Performance Indicators for Public Private Partnership (PPP) Projects

Public Private Partnership (PPP) is conceptualised as a performance-based procurement in which concessionaires are contracted to provide efficient facilities and services to the government. The quality of the facilities and services provided by the concessionaires will be assessed using key performance indicators (KPIs). This is for determining the level of performance against the agreed level of standards as expected by the government. However, most of the PPP projects are currently facing the difficulties in meeting the expectation. It is due to several issues such as lack of methods for measuring the KPIs, the lack of understanding of the KPI implementation, project performance not reflecting the actual performance (physical) on site, the absence of a weightage system on KPIs, and inconsistent of works performance. These shortcomings have led to the difficulty in determining the performance level of the PPP projects. Therefore, this research aims to identify the important criteria for selecting KPIs for PPP project and to determine the implications on the absence of important criteria in selecting PPP project KPIs. Empirical research using case studies via semi-structured interviews technique were conducted within PPP stakeholders. The important criteria were determined from the data obtained from thirty-two (32) semi-structured interviews conducted across six (6) case studies. The results indicate 11 important criteria to be considered when establishing the KPIs for PPP projects.  The findings of this research may benefit practitioners in setting the criteria in selecting appropriate KPIs for the implementation of PPP project during operational and maintenance phase

The Implementation of Key Performance Indicators in the Malaysian Private Finance Initiative Projects

In Private Finance Initiative (PFI), payment for services is based on pre-determined standards and performance. Thus, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) have been used to measure this performance. However, lack of an effective KPIs was identified as a core criticism towards the implementation of PFI projects. Therefore, the objectives of the research are to identify the importance and challenges of KPIs in measuring this performance. A qualitative approach via semi-structured interview was adopted. The findings discovered that the current KPIs do not meet the criteria and this can lead to the difficulties in measuring the performance of PFI projects. The outcome of this research can serve as a theoretical base for the development of an effective KPIs for PFI projects implementation in Malaysia.Keywords: Challenges; Importance; Key Performance Indicators; Private Finance Initiative.ISSN: 2398-4287© 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Risk management plan (RMP) : implementation and challenges towards sustainability and green concept for public projects in Terengganu / Yuhainis Abdul Talib, Siti Nirwana Mat Usof and Kharizam Ismail

Risk management become be the most significant and integral part of project management. The construction project may fail or succeed, depending on the adopted risk management approach. As risk management is predicting the unpredictable, it is one of the most vital management tools to cope with project risks and uncertainties. In Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR), risk management is being implemented as part of the project management plan. Despite going through the process, some JKR‟s project still have problem in the project delivery. Due to this scenario, the objective of this study is to identify the level awareness in implementing the risk management to public authority (JKR). Futhermore, it will also aim to identify and rank the challenges faced by JKR in managing risk management in public projects. Questionnaire survey was carried out in order to obtain a better view of result. Although JKR‟s organization is provided with standard guideline and most of them aware about it, but it will still face with the construction risks as there is no supervision or weakness in monitoring about implementation of risk management in construction project. Therefore, sufficient knowledge, practice and systematic risk management is essential to reduce the complexity and uncertainties in construction project and finally can promote sustainability toward green concept in finishing project in due time

A conceptual framework of performance assessment for private finance initiative projects in Malaysia

Private Finance Initiative (PFI) is one of the procurement methods that has been applied widely in the global construction market including Malaysia. PFI is an alternative procurement which is viewed as restructuring the previous privatisation concept in delivering value for money (VFM) for Malaysian public infrastructure. Among the restructuring efforts in the privatisation is specifying the standard assessment of private concessionaires’ performance through the execution of key performance indicators (KPIs). The assessment is practically benchmarked against the government’s standard. However, in Malaysia, lack of an effective KPIs is identified as one of the core criticisms for measuring the PFI projects performance. Therefore, two objectives are established which are; to investigate the implementation of various PFI performance measurement models across the globe to measure the performance and how these models can be adopted within the PFI in Malaysians. Finally, a conceptual framework is proposed for measuring performance of PFI projects in Malaysia. The outcomes of this paper can serve as a theoretical base for the development of an effective performance measurement tool for monitoring and measuring PFI projects performance in Malaysia

Public Private Partnership (PPP) Project Performance in Malaysia: Identification of Issues and Challenges

Public Private Partnership (PPP) in Malaysia as an innovative procurement mechanism aims to undertake the public sector infrastructure project construction in order to overcome the weaknesses of conventional system. PPP is seen significantly viable to enhance the quality of public services and stimulate economic growth. After the decades of its implementation, many arguments have been reported along the lively growth of PPP project development. Within that context, this study provides a review of issues and challenges for PPP pertaining to project performance in Malaysia. The objective of this study is to highlight the loophole of PPP implementation in Malaysia through a qualitative approach. A qualitative approach was used to analyse contextual literature review and to investigate four selected performance measurement models as the precedent study to provide a basis for improvement of PPP in Malaysia. The findings showed that the issues and challenges were almost similar between the literature and selected models in which the guideline / framework, Key Performance Indicator (KPI), risk allocation, efficiency flexibility were perceived as dominant issues. Apart from that, a technical factor had proven as the most threated factor that could hinder the implementation of PPP project in Malaysia. Hence, the structure of PPP model should be more viable towards the stakeholders by developing a clear, realistic and concise guideline in order to improve the service delivery performance and return value for money

Vısualısatıon of Undergraduate Archıtectural Research Actıvıtıes through MYDISSERTPLANNER

This research is a continuous process that requires virtuous planning and monitoring of the activities. A formal planning application is inadequate to assists them in managing all research activities to ensure the task will complete within the time frame given. The aim is to visualise the undergraduate research activities through the use of mobile applications, namely MYDISSERTPLANNER. The result shows that most students have problems completing the research within the timeframe. Therefore, the development of MYDISSERTPLANNER through smartphone apps is seen to give benefit and bring innovative features to students and academicians in ensuring the quality of research accomplished. Keywords: Undergraduate students, Mobile Application, MYDISSERTPLANNER, Research Activities eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI5.292

Ergonomics Concept in Inclusive Public Playground Targeting on Children with Disabilities

Nowadays, playgrounds are underused to improve the physical and social development of young children with special needs. Therefore, this study aims to identify the key criteria of ergonomic inclusive public children playground aim for children with disabilities (CWDs). The study explored the process of universal design and the ergonomics function of play equipment that focuses on CWDs through physical site observation and interview protocol done among caregivers, parents of children with disabilities, and all stakeholders involved in the development of the public playground in Malaysia. The result presents three major themes as a guideline to create an ergonomic inclusive playground. Keywords: Ergonomics; Universal Design; Public Playground; Children with disabilities. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: 10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.249

Exploring Private Finance Initiative Implementation Issues in Malaysia Construction Projects: A Way Forward

Private Finance Initiative (PFI) was introduced in 2006 aimed at achieving value for money. Nevertheless, most of the PFI projects in Malaysia are currently facing difficulties in meeting the expectation. Therefore, a brainstorming workshop involving 69 PFI practitioners from diverse backgrounds was conducted to investigate the implementation issues at the operational level and strategies towards achieving the project goals. The results showed that skills and knowledge, procedures and implementation, challenges in project management, and conflict on documentation were among the issues debated among workshop participants.  “Loopholes” were identified to facilitate the improvement of the PFI project implementation in Malaysia. Keywords: Operational Performance; Private Finance Initiative (PFI); Issues; Strategies. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.253

An ‘Amalgamated-Model' of performance measurement for private finance initiative project in Malaysia / Nor Suzila Lop, Kharizam Ismail and Haryati Mohd Isa

In Private Finance Initiative (PFI), payment for services is based on pre-determined standards andperformance. Thus, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) have been used to measure this performance. However, in Malaysia, the absence of an effective KPIs is identified as one of the core criticisms for measuring the PFI projects performance. Therefore, two objectives are established which are; to investigate the implementation of various PFI performance measurement models across the globe and how these models can be adopted within PFI in the Malaysia’s context. Finally, an ‘Amalgamated-Model’ of Performance Measurement approach for PFI Project in Malaysia is proposedfor measuring the project performance. The outcomes of this research can serve as a theoretical base for the improving performance measurement model in monitoring and measuring PPP projects performance in Malaysia